Asthma - A Chinese Medicine Perspective

How Does Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) view Asthma

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) asthma is viewed within the categories of breathlessness, wheezing and cough [5]. Its aetiologies may be of both external origin or internal pathology. In chronic adult asthma, internal pathologies are most common and are usually associated with the Lungs, Kidneys and Spleen, however, external factors such as Wind, may also aggravate symptoms.

According to Chinese medicine theory, it can be caused by various factors, including:

1. External factors: These include wind, cold, heat, and dampness. When these pathogenic factors invade the body, they can disrupt the flow of Qi in the lungs, leading to aggravation of symptoms.

2. Internal imbalances: Internal imbalances may arise from deficiencies in the lungs, spleen, or kidney systems. Weakness in these organs can affect the body’s ability to properly distribute Qi and control the flow of fluids, leading to asthma.

3. Emotional factors: Chinese medicine recognizes the influence of emotions on health. Excessive sadness, grief, or worry can weaken the lung Qi and contribute to the development or exacerbation of symptoms.

4. Diet and lifestyle: Inadequate diet, such as consuming excessive amounts of cold or greasy foods, can impair digestion and weaken the lungs. Environmental factors, such as exposure to smoke or chemicals, can also trigger or worsen symptoms.

According to Maciocia, the Lungs, which govern Qi, are always involved, as in breathlessness Lung-Qi fails to descend. This failure to descend occurs when Lung-Qi is obstructed by exterior Wind or by Phlegm, or when it is deficient [5].

The Kidneys are the root of Qi; they receive Qi and hold it down. Lungs and Kidney work in coordination for proper breathing as Lung-Qi descends to the Kidneys and the Kidneys hold it down. The Lungs control exhalation and the Kidney inhalation. Thus, in chronic breathlessness a difficulty in inhalation indicates Kidney deficiency, while a difficulty in exhalation points to a Lung deficiency. Although the pattern of Kidneys not receiving Qi, which is typical of chronic breathlessness, is a Yang-deficiency pattern, both Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang deficiency can lead to chronic breathlessness [5].

The specific patterns and imbalances identified in TCM can vary from person to person, but here are some common perspectives and treatment approaches:

1. Lung Qi Deficiency: As mentioned above, this pattern is characterised by a weak Lung Qi, leading to shortness of breath, weak voice, and fatigue. TCM treatment aims to tonify and strengthen the Lung Qi through the use of herbal formulas and acupuncture points that support lung function.

2. Phlegm-Dampness Accumulation: This pattern involves the accumulation of phlegm and dampness in the lungs, leading to wheezing, coughing with sticky phlegm, and a heavy sensation in the chest. TCM treatment focuses on eliminating phlegm, resolving dampness, and improving the body’s ability to disperse fluids. Herbal remedies, acupuncture, and dietary modifications are commonly used.

3. Liver Qi Stagnation: In some cases, asthma may be associated with emotional factors such as stress, anger, or frustration, which can cause the Liver Qi to become stagnant. This pattern is characterised by a tight sensation in the chest, emotional instability, and a tendency to experience asthma attacks during periods of emotional stress. TCM treatment aims to regulate the Liver Qi and promote its smooth flow using acupuncture, herbal remedies, and stress-reduction techniques.

4. Kidney Deficiency: The Kidneys in TCM play a crucial role in maintaining overall vitality and respiratory health. Kidney Deficiency pattern may be seen in chronic asthma cases, especially in older individuals. Treatment involves tonifying the Kidney Qi and Yin, along with supporting the lung function. Herbal medicine, acupuncture, and lifestyle modifications are used to strengthen the Kidney energy.

Treatment Approaches using Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine .

1. Acupuncture: Acupuncture involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate and balance the flow of Qi. In the context of asthma, acupuncture may help in several ways:

   • Opening the airways: Acupuncture points along the lung meridian and other relevant points can help to relax and dilate the bronchial tubes, making breathing easier.
   • Reducing inflammation: Acupuncture may have anti-inflammatory effects, which can be beneficial in managing the chronic inflammation associated with this condition.
   • Strengthening the immune system: By enhancing overall health and immunity, acupuncture can help reduce the frequency and severity of attacks triggered by respiratory infections or allergens.
   • Managing stress: Acupuncture can help regulate the body’s response to stress, potentially reducing the likelihood of stress-induced attacks.

1. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Chinese herbal formulas are often prescribed in conjunction with acupuncture to address the underlying imbalances and patterns identified in TCM diagnosis. Herbal remedies may be formulated to:

   • Tonify lung function and Qi: Certain herbs are used to strengthen the lungs and enhance their ability to function properly, addressing Lung Qi deficiency.
   • Clear phlegm and resolve dampness: Herbal formulas can help reduce excess phlegm and dampness in the respiratory system, alleviating wheezing and coughing.
   • Calm the Liver: In cases where emotional factors contribute to symptoms, herbs that soothe and regulate the Liver Qi may be prescribed.
   • Nourish the Kidneys: When Kidney deficiency is identified, herbs that tonify the Kidney Qi and Yin may be included to support overall respiratory health.

Both acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of lung disorders [3,6,7].
At Kurrajong Natural Medicine Centre our team of highly qualified and experienced practitioner are happy to develop a personalised treatment plan to help you manage your specific issues. Simply call (02) 4573 0784